Diversity and Distribution of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under Different Habitats in Zhemgang, Bhutan

Abstract

The diversity of ladybird beetles is of great importance due to their worldwide utilization as biological control and indicator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of ladybird beetles in three different habitats and regions of Nangkor Gewog under Zhemgang district. The stratified line transect sampling technique was employed for the collection of specimens using sweep net and beating tray. A total of 13 species under three tribes with 402 individuals were recorded. Widely found and used biological control species, Coccinella septempunctata was the most abundant species found in the study area with its relative abundance of 34.33% when compared to other species. Overall rank distribution based on relative abundance showed that 15 species distributed within 14 ranks. The study area had an overall diversity, H′ = 2.04, D_mg = 2.33 and J = 0.75. A series of diversity comparisons across different regions within the study area, including habitats and habits showed variable species diversity and host plant preferences. As anticipated, the forest area harboured the most diverse ladybird beetle species, with Brassica juncea being the most favoured plant, hosting 84 individuals. The present study offers insights into the ladybird beetle diversity, that enhance our understanding and potential future use of these insects as a biological control.