Practices, Profitability, and Challenges of Green Chilli Farming in Water Scarce Phangyul and Rubesa Gewogs, Wangdue Phodrang, Bhutan

Abstract

Chilli (Capsicum spp.) is an important crop cultivated in Bhutan. However, studies on chilli farming practices and profitability in water-scarce locations are scant. Thus, this study assessed practices and profitability of green chilli farming in two water-scarce areas, i.e., Phangyul and Rubesa gewogs of Wangdue Phodrang district. A total of 109 progressive chilli growers were sampled from five chiwogs of two gewogs using proportionate random sampling. Face-to-face interviews were done using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, including the farm accounting method, were used for analysis. Results showed that most farmers (n = 92, 84.40%) cultivate Indian chilli. Farmers in Rubesa usually sow chilli seeds in winter and harvest in summer, whereas farmers in Phangyul usually sow chilli in summer and harvest in winter. Chilli farming in Phangyul is more profitable than Rubesa because farmers in Phangyul bear the minimum cost for irrigation as they sow and transplant during the rainy season. Pests and diseases, lack of irrigation facilities, extreme weather events, and marketing were common constraints among chilli growers in the study area. Common marketing challenges reported by farmers include price fluctuation, competition from other farmers, and poor transportation facilities. We conclude that with adequate support from relevant stakeholders, chilli farming can be an essential means of livelihood even for farmers in relatively water-scarce communities.